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Writer's pictureShirin Ayazi Tabrizi

Decoding of Levels in TCF Canada and NCLC Equivalencies

Updated: Sep 25


TCF levels and scores

The Test de Connaissance du Français (TCF) Canada exam is a crucial component for those looking to immigrate or study in Canada. Understanding the levels in TCF Canada and the grading process is essential for proper preparation for this language exam. In this comprehensive guide, we'll delve into the levels in TCF Canada and how scores are calculated.







Levels in TCF Canada: Understanding Competency Categories


The TCF Canada assesses candidates' language skills according to levels defined by the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). These levels range from A1 (beginner) to C2 (proficient) and cover various language skills such as listening, reading, writing, speaking, grammar, and vocabulary.


Level A1 (Beginner): Candidates at the A1 level can understand and use familiar expressions. They can easily introduce themselves or someone else and ask questions about a person, for example, about their place of residence, relationships, belongings, etc. The candidate can also respond to the same type of questions. They can also communicate simply if the interlocutor speaks slowly and distinctly. 

At this level, grammar focuses on basic forms of verbs, personal pronouns, articles, adjectives, and simple adverbs. Sentence structures are generally simple and include basic questions and affirmative and negative statements.


Accord : masculin, féminin, singulier, pluriel

Adjectifs démonstratifs (ce, cet, cette, ces)

Adjectifs interrogatifs (quel, quelle, quels, quelles)

Adjectifs possessifs (mon, ma mes,…)

Adverbes de quantité et d’intensité (un peu, beaucoup, trop, très…)

Adverbes de temps (aujourd’hui, hier, demain, après…)

Aller à / être à / venir de + lieu

Articles définis (le, la, les)

Articles indéfinis (un, une, des)

Articles partitifs (du, de la, de l’, des…)

Complément du nom avec de / d’ (appartenance)

Conditionnel de politesse (je voudrais, j’aimerais, pourriez-vous) 

Etre en train de + inf. ; être sur le point de + inf. ;

Faire du, jouer au

Formes impersonnelles simples (il pleut, il fait beau, il y a…)

Forme interrogative (est-ce que/qu’est-ce que)

Futur proche : aller + inf.

Il y a

Impératif positif : quelques verbes en –er/venir, aller 

Moment (prépositions + date, mois, saison, année)

Négation : ne… pas

Nombres cardinaux : 0, 1, 2, 3, …

Passé composé : avec les deux auxiliaires avoir et être : les verbes du premier groupe

Passé récent  : venir+de+verbe à l’infinitif

Phrase affirmative

Phrase interrogative : les trois formes : avec intonation, avec est-ce que, avec inversion

Phrase négative (ne…pas, ne…plus, ne…jamais, ne… rien, ne…personne : complément))

Prépositions à, en, au, aux + pays/ville

Présent de l’indicatif 

Présentateurs (c’est/voilà)

Pronoms interrogatifs simples (qui, que, où, quand, comment…)

Pronoms personnels sujets (je, tu, il,…)

Pronoms toniques (moi, toi, lui…)

Verbes usuels : être, avoir, faire, venir, aller, comprendre, devoir, pouvoir, vouloir.


Level A2 (Elementary): Candidates at the A2 level can understand frequently used phrases and expressions related to immediate priorities (for example, simple personal and family information, shopping, local geography, and work). They can engage in simple and routine exchanges of simple and direct information and on familiar and routine matters. They can also describe their background, immediate environment, etc., using simple means. 

At the A2 level, grammar deepens with the introduction of simple tenses (present, past, simple future), prepositions of place and time, object pronouns, and simple coordinating conjunctions.


Adjectifs : place et accord (les plus courts sont placés devant le nom)

Adjectifs indéfinis (tout, toute, tous, toutes)

Adverbes de fréquence (souvent, parfois, jamais)

Adverbes de lieu (ici, là, devant, en face…)

Articulateurs logiques simples (parce que, car, donc, ainsi, mais…)

Comparatif (du nom / de l’adjectif) : plus beau que …/ plus de notes …

Complément du nom à ou de (usage/contenance)

Complément du nom : en ou de (matière)

Futur simple 

Si + futur (hypothèse 1)

Il faut + infinitif

Imparfait 

Impératif positif et négatif 

Négation : ne… jamais/ne… plus/ne … rien/ ne… personne

Nombres ordinaux : premier, deuxième, troisième,...

Participes passés

Passé composé : verbes du deuxième groupe

Phrase exclamative (Quel… !)

Phrase négative (rien…ne, personne…ne : sujet)

Prépositions de lieu (à côté de, devant, entre, loin de…)

Prépositions de temps (à partir de, avant, après, dès…)

Présent de l’indicatif : verbes du deuxième groupe

Pronom « on » (3 valeurs : nous, quelqu’un, les gens)

Pronom partitif en (quantité)

Pronoms COD et COI (me, te, le,  les,… / lui, leur…)

Pronoms compléments en / y (lieu)

Pronoms interrogatifs composés (lequel ?/ laquelle ?)

Pronoms relatifs simples (qui, que, où)

Réponses (oui/si/non/moi aussi/moi non plus…)

Verbes + infinitif (vouloir/pouvoir/devoir)

Verbes à deux bases

Verbes à trois bases

Verbes à une base

Verbes transitifs indirects (parler à quelqu’un…)

Verbes pronominaux : se promener, se réveiller, se maquiller, …



Level B1 (Intermediate): At the B1 level, candidates can understand the main points when clear and standard language is used and when it involves familiar matters in work, school, leisure activities, etc. They can produce simple and coherent speech on familiar topics and in their areas of interest. They can also manage in most situations encountered while traveling in an area where the target language is spoken. They can narrate an event, an experience, or a dream, describe a hope or a goal, and briefly explore reasons or explanations for a project or an idea.

At this level, learners begin to use compound tenses (past tense of verbs from all groups, ...), more complex sentence structures (such as conditional sentences and indirect questions), etc. This level is considered a level of autonomy.


Accord du participe passé

Adverbes de fréquence (souvent, parfois, jamais)

Adverbes de lieu (ici, là, devant, en face…)

Adverbes : passé ou futur (le lendemain, à ce moment-là)

Articulateurs chronologiques du discours (d’abord, ensuite, enfin…)

Articulateurs chronologiques simples (parce que, car, ainsi, mais…)

Cause  – Conséquence

Comparatifs (des verbes/de l’adverbe) : je lis mieux que toi / il conduit plus lentement que moi

Concordance des temps

Conditionnel passé

Conditionnel présent 

Conjonctions + subjonctif

Discours rapporté au passé

Discours rapporté au présent

Double négation (ni… ni…)

Doubles pronoms

Durée (pendant/depuis/en)

Gérondif

Hypothèse

Impératif positif et négatif 

Moment (dans/il y a)

Opposition

Participe présent

Passé composé / imparfait 

Passif

Plus-que-parfait 

Prépositions de lieu (à côté de, devant, entre, loin de…)

Prépositions de temps (à partir de, avant, après, dès…)

Pronoms démonstratifs (celui (-ci), celle (-là), ceux…)

Pronoms indéfinis (qqn, qqch, aucun, personne, plusieurs…)

Pronoms possessifs (le mien, le tien, la mienne…)

Pronoms relatifs simples (qui, que, dont, où)

Restriction : ne… que

Si + imparfait / conditionnel présent (hypothèse 2)

Si + passé composé / présent ou futur ou impératif (condition)

Si + plus-que-parfait / conditionnel passé ou présent (hypothèse 3, regret ou reproche)

Si + présent / futur (condition)

Subjonctif 

Superlatif (de l’adjectif / de l’adverbe)

Temps du passé

Verbes de sentiment + subjonctif

Verbes d’opinion + subjonctif

Verbes d’ordre + subjonctif



Level B2 (Upper Intermediate): Candidates at the B2 level can understand the essential content of concrete or abstract topics in a complex text, including a technical discussion in their area of specialization. They can communicate with a degree of spontaneity and ease such that a conversation with a native speaker flows fairly smoothly without tension for either party. They can also express themselves clearly and in detail on a range of topics, give opinions on current affairs, and outline the advantages and disadvantages of different possibilities.

Grammar at the B2 level includes a variety of verb tenses (imperfect, pluperfect, simple future, present conditional), subordinate clauses of time, cause, consequence, and purpose, as well as idiomatic expressions and nuances of meaning.


Accord du participe passé

Adjectifs + préposition

Antériorité concordance des temps, prépositions

Articulateurs logiques (antériorité simultanéité, postériorité)

Articulateurs logiques (but)

Articulateurs logiques (cause, conséquence)

Articulateurs logiques (hypothèse, condition)

Articulateurs logiques (Opposition, concession, restriction)

Concordance des temps

Conditionnel présent 

Conjonctions + subjonctif

Conjonctions + subjonctif ou indicatif

Conjonctions + subjonctif ou infinitif

Formes impersonnelles – degrés de certitude

Futur antérieur

Hypothèse

Infinitif passé

Modalisation (valeur des temps)

Négation : sans + infinitif

Participe présent

Passé simple

Postériorité (concordance des temps, prépositions)

Prépositions (après un verbe, un adjectif, un nom)

Pronoms en / y (verbes à prépositions)

Pronoms relatifs composé (préposition + qui lequel, laquelle)

Simultanéité (concordance des temps, prépositions)

Subjonctif 

Temps du passé

verbes + prépositions

verbes + subjonctif ou indicatif

verbes + subjonctif ou infinitif

verbes de sentiments + subjonctif

verbes d’opinion + subjonctif



Level C1 (Advanced): At the C1 level, candidates can comprehend a wide range of long and demanding texts, as well as grasp implicit meanings. They can express themselves spontaneously and fluently without searching for appropriate expressions. They can also use the language effectively and flexibly in their social, professional, or academic lives. They are also capable of expressing themselves on complex topics in a well-structured manner and demonstrate their control over tools of organization, articulation, and cohesion of discourse.

At the C1 level, mastery of grammar becomes more fluent and complex, with the correct use of past tenses (past anterior, simple past), subordinate clauses of manner, condition, and concession, as well as indirect speech tenses.


Antériorité concordance des temps, prépositions)

Articulateurs logiques (antériorité simultanéité, postériorité)

Articulateurs logiques (but)

Articulateurs logiques (cause, conséquence)

Articulateurs logiques (hypothèse, condition)

Articulateurs logiques (Opposition, concession, restriction)

Hypothèses (1, 2, 3)

Passé simple

Postériorité (concordance des temps, prépositions)

Registres de langue

Simultanéité (concordance des temps, prépositions)

Subjonctif imparfait/subjonctif plus-que-parfait

Subjonctif passé 

Types de texte (descriptif, poétique, journalistique…)


Level C2 (Mastery): Candidates at the C2 level are capable of effortlessly understanding virtually everything they read or hear. They can summarize information from various written and spoken sources, reorganize argument points coherently, and express themselves with ease and precision in both written and oral production. They can also spontaneously and accurately express themselves on complex topics very fluently, distinguishing nuances effectively.

Learners at the C2 level master grammar almost as a native speaker, using verb tenses, subordinate clauses of all kinds, indirect speech, and complex sentence structures with precise and nuanced accuracy.


To learn more about the levels of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), consult the PDF file provided via this link.



The Notation and Correspondence with the NCLC


Having understood the various levels in the TCF, it is important to acquaint oneself with the grading system and its correlation with the NCLC, the Canadian Language Proficiency Level. The TCF grading relies on a point-based system allocated to each linguistic skill assessed during the examination.


TCF grading is based on three mandatory sections, each in a multiple-choice format:

  • Listening Comprehension

  • Reading Comprehension

  • Language Structure Mastery


Each of these sections is scored out of 699 points. The average of the scores from these three sections is then calculated to obtain a total score out of 699.

Below is the grading table for the TCF according to the levels of the CEFR scale of the Common European Framework :



the grading table for the TCF according to the levels of the CEFR scale of the Common European Framework


The TCF also includes two optional tests that the candidate may choose to take or not, depending on their project and needs. These two tests are the written expression and oral expression tests. They are scored out of 20, and the correspondences between the score obtained and the level (CEFR) are as follows:



Table displaying TCF exam optional tests: written and oral expression. Scored out of 20, with correspondences to CEFR levels. Choose based on project and needs.


Here is an example taken from a real certificate:



Snapshot of an authentic TCF certificate exemplifying exam results. A tangible glimpse into the correlation between scores and CEFR levels.


In the context of TCF Canada, it is essential to consider the NCLC levels to have a more precise understanding of the score required for each test. Correspondence with the NCLC:

The NCLC is the grading system used in Canada to assess French language skills.

It consists of 12 levels, ranging from 1 to 12, corresponding to different levels of language proficiency.


The correspondence between TCF scores and NCLC levels is established by predefined equivalences, allowing candidates to better understand their level of language proficiency relative to Canadian standards.


The correspondences between the score and the level are detailed in the following table:



Visual representation of the crucial link between TCF and NCLC levels in the context of TCF Canada. A snapshot illustrating the predefined equivalences for a nuanced understanding of language proficiency in the Canadian system.


In conclusion, that's all you need to know about the scoring system in the TCF. By understanding the levels and their correspondence with the NCLC, you are better equipped to assess your French language skills. Use the official correspondence tables to interpret your TCF results against Canadian standards. With this understanding, plan your language learning journey with confidence and precision.

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